chapter 3
Basic Rights and Privilges
Article 9: Equality
Everyone is equal before the law.
No one shall, without an acceptable reason, be treated differently from other persons on the ground of sex, age, origin, language, religion, conviction, opinion, health, disability or other reason that concerns his or her person.
Children shall be treated equally and as individuals and they shall be allowed to influence matters pertaining to themselves to a degree corresponding to their level of development.
Equality of the sexes is promoted in societal activity and working life, especially in the determination of pay and the other terms of employment, as provided in more detail by an Act.
Article 10 - The right to life, personal liberty and integrity
Everyone has the right to life, personal liberty, integrity and security.
No one shall be sentenced to death, tortured or otherwise treated in a manner violating human dignity.
The personal integrity of the individual shall not be violated, nor shall anyone be deprived of liberty arbitrarily or without a reason prescribed by an Act. A penalty involving deprivation of liberty may be imposed only by a court of law. The lawfulness of other cases of deprivation of liberty may be submitted for review by a court of law. The rights of individuals deprived of their liberty shall be guaranteed by an Act.
Article 11: The Principle of legality in criminal cases
No one shall be found guilty of a criminal offence or be sentenced to a punishment on the basis of a deed, which has not been determined punishable by an Act at the time of its commission. The penalty imposed for an offence shall not be more severe than that provided by an Act at the time of commission of the offence.
Article 12: Freedom of movement
Welsh citizens and foreigners legally resident in Wales have the right to freely move within the country and to choose their place of residence.
Everyone has the right to leave the country. Limitations on this right may be provided by an Act, if they are necessary for the purpose of safeguarding legal proceedings or for the enforcement of penalties or for the fulfillment of the duty of national defence.
Welsh citizens shall not be prevented from entering Wales or deported or extradited or transferred from Wales to another country against their will. However, it may be laid down by an Act that due to a criminal act, for the purpose of legal proceedings, or in order to enforce a decision concerning the custody or care of a child, a Welsh citizen can be extradited or transferred to a country in which his or her human rights and legal protection are guaranteed.
The right of foreigners to enter Wales and to remain in the country is regulated by an Act. A foreigner shall not be deported, extradited or returned to another country, if in consequence he or she is in danger of a death sentence, torture or other treatment violating human dignity.
Article 13: The right to privacy
Everyone's private life, honour and the sanctity of the home are guaranteed. More detailed provisions on the protection of personal data are laid down by an Act.
The secrecy of correspondence, telephony and other confidential communications is inviolable.
Measures encroaching on the sanctity of the home, and which are necessary for the purpose of guaranteeing basic rights and liberties or for the investigation of crime, may be laid down by an Act. In addition, provisions concerning limitations of the secrecy of communications which are necessary in the investigation of crimes that jeopardise the security of the individual or society or the sanctity of the home, at trials and security checks, as well as during the deprivation of liberty may be laid down by an Act.
Article 14: Freedom of religion and concience
Everyone has the freedom of religion and conscience.
Freedom of religion and conscience entails the right to profess and practice a religion, the right to express one's convictions and the right to be a member of or decline to be a member of a religious community. No one is under the obligation, against his or her conscience, to participate in the practice of a religion.
Article 15: Freedom of expression and right to access information
Everyone has the freedom of expression. Freedom of expression entails the right to express, disseminate and receive information, opinions and other communications without prior prevention by anyone. More detailed provisions on the exercise of the freedom of expression are laid down by an Act. Provisions on restrictions relating to pictorial programmes that are necessary for the protection of children may be laid down by an Act.
Documents and recordings in the possession of the authorities are public, unless their publication has for compelling reasons been specifically restricted by an Act. Everyone has the right of access to public documents and recordings.
Article 16: Freedom of assembly and freedom of association
Everyone has the right to arrange meetings and demonstrations without a permit, as well as the right to participate in them.
Everyone has the freedom of association. Freedom of association entails the right to form an association without a permit, to be a member or not to be a member of an association and to participate in the activities of an association. The freedom to form trade unions and to organise in order to look after other interests is likewise guaranteed.
More detailed provisions on the exercise of the freedom of assembly and the freedom of association are laid down by an Act.
Article 17: Electoral and participatory rights
Every Welsh citizen who has reached eighteen years of age has the right to vote in national elections and referendums. Specific provisions in this Constitution shall govern the eligibility to stand for office in national elections.
Every Welsh citizen and every foreigner permanently resident in Wales, having attained eighteen years of age, has the right to vote in municipal elections and municipal referendums, as provided by an Act. Provisions on the right to otherwise participate in municipal government are laid down by an Act.
The public authorities shall promote the opportunities for the individual to participate in societal activity and to influence the decisions that concern him or her.
Article 18: Protection of property
The property of everyone is protected.
Provisions on the expropriation of property, for public needs and against full compensation, are laid down by an Act.
Article 19: Education rights
Everyone has the right to basic education free of charge. Provisions on the duty to receive education are laid down by an Act.
The public authorities shall, as provided in more detail by an Act, guarantee for everyone equal opportunity to receive other educational services in accordance with their ability and special needs, as well as the opportunity to develop themselves without being prevented by economic hardship.
The freedom of science, the arts and higher education is guaranteed.
(State universities and state institutions of higher education shall be autonomous. The manner of their financing shall be regulated by law.
Article 20: The right to one's language and culture
The national languages of Wales are Welsh and English.
The right of everyone to use his or her own language, either Welsh or English, before courts of law and other authorities, and to receive official documents in that language, shall be guaranteed by an Act. The public authorities shall provide for the cultural and societal needs of the Welsh-speaking and English-speaking populations of the country on an equal basis.
All children have the right to be educated so that they can benefit from the access to both Welsh and English Language culture. The state and local education authorities have an obligation to strive to provide education to all so that everyone has the opportunity to speak both Welsh and English.
The rights of minority language users shall be protected by law, this includes the rights of minority languages spoken by the ethnic minorities in Wales. Such protection and support shall be regulated by law.
The rights of persons using sign language and of persons in need of interpretation or translation aid owing to disability shall be guaranteed by an Act.
Article 21: The right to work and the freedom to engage in commercial activity
Everyone has the right, as provided by an Act, to earn his or her livelihood by the employment, occupation or commercial activity of his or her choice. The public authorities shall take responsibility for the protection of the labour force.
The public authorities shall promote employment and work towards guaranteeing for everyone the right to work. Provisions on the right to receive training that promotes employability are laid down by an Act.
No one shall be dismissed from employment without a lawful reason.
Article 22: The right to social security and healthcare
Those who cannot obtain the means necessary for a life of dignity have the right to receive indispensable subsistence and care.
Everyone shall be guaranteed by an Act the right to basic subsistence in the event of unemployment, illness, and disability and during old age as well as at the birth of a child or the loss of a provider.
The public authorities shall guarantee for everyone, as provided in more detail by an Act, adequate social, health and medical services and promote the health of the population. Moreover, the public authorities shall support families and others responsible for providing for children so that they have the ability to ensure the wellbeing and personal development of the children.
Special protection in accordance with the law shall be guaranteed to war veterans and victims of war.
The public authorities shall promote the right of everyone to housing and the opportunity to arrange their own housing.
Right to Health Care
Article 23: Responsibility for the environment
Nature and its biodiversity, the environment and the national heritage are the responsibility of everyone.
The public authorities shall endeavour to guarantee for everyone the right to a healthy environment and for everyone the possibility to influence the decisions that concern their own living environment.
Article 24: Protection under the law
Everyone has the right to have his or her case dealt with appropriately and without undue delay by a legally competent court of law or other authority, as well as to have a decision pertaining to his or her rights or obligations reviewed by a court of law or other independent organ for the administration of justice.
Provisions concerning the publicity of proceedings, the right to be heard, the right to receive a reasoned decision and the right of appeal, as well as the other guarantees of a fair trial and good governance shall be laid down by an Act.
Respect for human personality and dignity shall be guaranteed in criminal and in all other legal proceedings, as well as during the deprivation of liberty and enforcement of punitive sanctions.
Violence of any form on any person whose liberty has been restricted in any way is prohibited, as is the use of any form of coercion in obtaining confessions and statements.
Article 25: Protection of basic rights and liberties
The public authorities shall guarantee the observance of basic rights and liberties and human rights.
Anyone charged with a criminal offense must, in addition to absolute equality, be guaranteed the following rights:
Any person unjustly convicted of a criminal offense or deprived of their liberty without due cause has the right to rehabilitation and compensation, and other rights provided by law.
Everyone has the right to personal dignity and safety.
The inviolability of the physical and mental integrity of every person, their privacy and personality rights shall be guaranteed.
Inviolability of Dwellings:
The right to correct published information which has damaged a right or interest of an individual, organisation or body shall be guaranteed, as shall be the right to reply to such published information.
Extradition
No citizen or resident of Wales may be extradited or surrendered unless such obligation to extradite or surrender arises from a treaty by which, in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 3a, Wales has transferred the exercise of part of its sovereign rights to an international organisation.
not withstanding 47(1) No one shall be extradited or surrendered to another jurisdiction unless they have committed an offence that would be an offence in Wales.
Freedom of Work
Freedom of work shall be guaranteed.
Everyone shall choose their employment freely.
Everyone shall have access under equal conditions to any position of employment.
Forced labour shall be prohibited.
Asylum
Within the limits of the law and international treaty, the right of asylum shall be recognised for foreign nationals and stateless persons who are subject to persecution for their commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms.
Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Persons with disabilities shall be guaranteed protection in accordance with the law.
Physically or mentally disabled children and other severely disabled persons have the right to education and training for an active life in society.
The education and training referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be financed from public funds.
Freedom of Choice in Childbearing
Everyone shall be free to decide whether to bear children.
The state shall guarantee the opportunities for exercising this freedom and shall create such conditions as will enable parents to decide to bear children.
Freedom of Science and the Arts
The freedom of scientific and artistic endeavour shall be guaranteed.
Intellectual Property Rights
The protection of copyright and other rights deriving from artistic, scientific, research and invention activities shall be guaranteed.
Expression of National Affiliation
Everyone has the right to freely express affiliation with their nation or national community, to foster and give expression to their culture and to use their language and script.
Prohibition of Incitement to Discrimination and Intolerance and Prohibition of Incitement to Violence and War)
Any incitement to discrimination based on ethnicity, sexuality, gender, language, disability, and the inflaming of national, racial, religious, linguistic or other hatred and intolerance are unconstitutional.
Any incitement to violence and war is unconstitutional.
Status and Rights of the Roma and Traveling Communities in Wales)
The status and rights of the Roma and Traveling Communities living in Wales shall be protected and regulated by law.
Article 26: Economic and Social Relations
Property
The manner in which property is acquired and enjoyed shall be established by law so as to ensure its economic, social and environmental function.
The manner and conditions of inheritance shall be established by law.
Property Rights of Non-Welsh Citizens
Non-Welsh citizens may acquire ownership rights to real estate under conditions provided by law or a treaty ratified by Parliament.
Expropriation
Ownership rights to real estate may be revoked or limited in the public interest with the provision of compensation in kind or monetary compensation under conditions established by law.
National Assets and Natural Resources
Special rights to use national assets may be acquired, subject to conditions established by law.
The conditions under which natural resources may be exploited shall be established by law.
The law may provide that natural resources may also be exploited by foreign persons and shall establish the conditions for such exploitation.
Protection of Land
The law shall establish special conditions for land utilisation in order to ensure its proper use.
Special protection of agricultural land shall be provided by law.
The state shall promote the economic, cultural and social advancement of the population living in mountain and hill areas.
Healthy Living Environment
Everyone has the right in accordance with the law to a healthy living environment.
The state shall promote a healthy living environment. To this end, the conditions and manner in which economic and other activities are pursued shall be established by law.
The law shall establish under which conditions and to what extent a person who has damaged the living environment is obliged to provide compensation.
The protection of animals from cruelty shall be regulated by law.
Protection of Natural and Cultural Heritage
Everyone is obliged in accordance with the law to protect natural sites of special interest, rarities and cultural monuments.
The state and local communities shall promote the preservation of the natural and cultural heritage.
The diversity of plant and animal species will be maintained and the state has an obligation to safeguard the genetic diversity of the biota of Wales and foster the ecology of Wales.
Free and Social Enterprise
Free economic initiative shall be guaranteed.
The conditions for establishing commercial organisations shall be established by law. Commercial activities may not be pursued in a manner contrary to the public interest.
Unfair competition practices and practices which restrict competition in a manner contrary to the law are prohibited.
Participation in Management
Employees shall participate in the management of commercial organisations and institutions in a manner and under conditions provided by law.
Freedom of Trade Unions
The freedom to establish, operate and join trade unions shall be guaranteed.
Right to Strike
Employees have the right to strike.
Where required by the public interest, the right to strike may be restricted by law, with due consideration given to the type and nature of activity involved.
Proper Housing
The state shall create opportunities for citizens to obtain proper housing.
Non-Welsh Citizens Employed in Wales)
Non-Welsh Citizens employed in Wales and members of their families have special rights provided by law.
Article 27: Basic rights and liberties in situations of emergency
Such provisional exceptions to basic rights and liberties that are compatible with Wales's international human rights obligations and that are deemed necessary in the case of an armed attack against Wales or in the event of other situations of emergency, as provided by an Act, which pose a serious threat to the nation may be provided by an Act or by a Government Decree to be issued on the basis of authorisation given in an Act for a special reason and subject to a precisely circumscribed scope of application. The grounds for provisional exceptions shall be laid down by an Act, however.
Government Decrees concerning provisional exceptions shall without delay be submitted to the Parliament for consideration. The Parliament may decide on the validity of the Decrees.
Everyone is equal before the law.
No one shall, without an acceptable reason, be treated differently from other persons on the ground of sex, age, origin, language, religion, conviction, opinion, health, disability or other reason that concerns his or her person.
Children shall be treated equally and as individuals and they shall be allowed to influence matters pertaining to themselves to a degree corresponding to their level of development.
Equality of the sexes is promoted in societal activity and working life, especially in the determination of pay and the other terms of employment, as provided in more detail by an Act.
Article 10 - The right to life, personal liberty and integrity
Everyone has the right to life, personal liberty, integrity and security.
No one shall be sentenced to death, tortured or otherwise treated in a manner violating human dignity.
The personal integrity of the individual shall not be violated, nor shall anyone be deprived of liberty arbitrarily or without a reason prescribed by an Act. A penalty involving deprivation of liberty may be imposed only by a court of law. The lawfulness of other cases of deprivation of liberty may be submitted for review by a court of law. The rights of individuals deprived of their liberty shall be guaranteed by an Act.
Article 11: The Principle of legality in criminal cases
No one shall be found guilty of a criminal offence or be sentenced to a punishment on the basis of a deed, which has not been determined punishable by an Act at the time of its commission. The penalty imposed for an offence shall not be more severe than that provided by an Act at the time of commission of the offence.
Article 12: Freedom of movement
Welsh citizens and foreigners legally resident in Wales have the right to freely move within the country and to choose their place of residence.
Everyone has the right to leave the country. Limitations on this right may be provided by an Act, if they are necessary for the purpose of safeguarding legal proceedings or for the enforcement of penalties or for the fulfillment of the duty of national defence.
Welsh citizens shall not be prevented from entering Wales or deported or extradited or transferred from Wales to another country against their will. However, it may be laid down by an Act that due to a criminal act, for the purpose of legal proceedings, or in order to enforce a decision concerning the custody or care of a child, a Welsh citizen can be extradited or transferred to a country in which his or her human rights and legal protection are guaranteed.
The right of foreigners to enter Wales and to remain in the country is regulated by an Act. A foreigner shall not be deported, extradited or returned to another country, if in consequence he or she is in danger of a death sentence, torture or other treatment violating human dignity.
Article 13: The right to privacy
Everyone's private life, honour and the sanctity of the home are guaranteed. More detailed provisions on the protection of personal data are laid down by an Act.
The secrecy of correspondence, telephony and other confidential communications is inviolable.
Measures encroaching on the sanctity of the home, and which are necessary for the purpose of guaranteeing basic rights and liberties or for the investigation of crime, may be laid down by an Act. In addition, provisions concerning limitations of the secrecy of communications which are necessary in the investigation of crimes that jeopardise the security of the individual or society or the sanctity of the home, at trials and security checks, as well as during the deprivation of liberty may be laid down by an Act.
Article 14: Freedom of religion and concience
Everyone has the freedom of religion and conscience.
Freedom of religion and conscience entails the right to profess and practice a religion, the right to express one's convictions and the right to be a member of or decline to be a member of a religious community. No one is under the obligation, against his or her conscience, to participate in the practice of a religion.
Article 15: Freedom of expression and right to access information
Everyone has the freedom of expression. Freedom of expression entails the right to express, disseminate and receive information, opinions and other communications without prior prevention by anyone. More detailed provisions on the exercise of the freedom of expression are laid down by an Act. Provisions on restrictions relating to pictorial programmes that are necessary for the protection of children may be laid down by an Act.
Documents and recordings in the possession of the authorities are public, unless their publication has for compelling reasons been specifically restricted by an Act. Everyone has the right of access to public documents and recordings.
Article 16: Freedom of assembly and freedom of association
Everyone has the right to arrange meetings and demonstrations without a permit, as well as the right to participate in them.
Everyone has the freedom of association. Freedom of association entails the right to form an association without a permit, to be a member or not to be a member of an association and to participate in the activities of an association. The freedom to form trade unions and to organise in order to look after other interests is likewise guaranteed.
More detailed provisions on the exercise of the freedom of assembly and the freedom of association are laid down by an Act.
Article 17: Electoral and participatory rights
Every Welsh citizen who has reached eighteen years of age has the right to vote in national elections and referendums. Specific provisions in this Constitution shall govern the eligibility to stand for office in national elections.
Every Welsh citizen and every foreigner permanently resident in Wales, having attained eighteen years of age, has the right to vote in municipal elections and municipal referendums, as provided by an Act. Provisions on the right to otherwise participate in municipal government are laid down by an Act.
The public authorities shall promote the opportunities for the individual to participate in societal activity and to influence the decisions that concern him or her.
Article 18: Protection of property
The property of everyone is protected.
Provisions on the expropriation of property, for public needs and against full compensation, are laid down by an Act.
Article 19: Education rights
Everyone has the right to basic education free of charge. Provisions on the duty to receive education are laid down by an Act.
The public authorities shall, as provided in more detail by an Act, guarantee for everyone equal opportunity to receive other educational services in accordance with their ability and special needs, as well as the opportunity to develop themselves without being prevented by economic hardship.
The freedom of science, the arts and higher education is guaranteed.
(State universities and state institutions of higher education shall be autonomous. The manner of their financing shall be regulated by law.
Article 20: The right to one's language and culture
The national languages of Wales are Welsh and English.
The right of everyone to use his or her own language, either Welsh or English, before courts of law and other authorities, and to receive official documents in that language, shall be guaranteed by an Act. The public authorities shall provide for the cultural and societal needs of the Welsh-speaking and English-speaking populations of the country on an equal basis.
All children have the right to be educated so that they can benefit from the access to both Welsh and English Language culture. The state and local education authorities have an obligation to strive to provide education to all so that everyone has the opportunity to speak both Welsh and English.
The rights of minority language users shall be protected by law, this includes the rights of minority languages spoken by the ethnic minorities in Wales. Such protection and support shall be regulated by law.
The rights of persons using sign language and of persons in need of interpretation or translation aid owing to disability shall be guaranteed by an Act.
Article 21: The right to work and the freedom to engage in commercial activity
Everyone has the right, as provided by an Act, to earn his or her livelihood by the employment, occupation or commercial activity of his or her choice. The public authorities shall take responsibility for the protection of the labour force.
The public authorities shall promote employment and work towards guaranteeing for everyone the right to work. Provisions on the right to receive training that promotes employability are laid down by an Act.
No one shall be dismissed from employment without a lawful reason.
Article 22: The right to social security and healthcare
Those who cannot obtain the means necessary for a life of dignity have the right to receive indispensable subsistence and care.
Everyone shall be guaranteed by an Act the right to basic subsistence in the event of unemployment, illness, and disability and during old age as well as at the birth of a child or the loss of a provider.
The public authorities shall guarantee for everyone, as provided in more detail by an Act, adequate social, health and medical services and promote the health of the population. Moreover, the public authorities shall support families and others responsible for providing for children so that they have the ability to ensure the wellbeing and personal development of the children.
Special protection in accordance with the law shall be guaranteed to war veterans and victims of war.
The public authorities shall promote the right of everyone to housing and the opportunity to arrange their own housing.
Right to Health Care
- Everyone has the right to health care under conditions provided by law.
- The rights to health care from public funds shall be provided by law.
- No one may be compelled to undergo medical treatment except in cases provided by law.
Article 23: Responsibility for the environment
Nature and its biodiversity, the environment and the national heritage are the responsibility of everyone.
The public authorities shall endeavour to guarantee for everyone the right to a healthy environment and for everyone the possibility to influence the decisions that concern their own living environment.
Article 24: Protection under the law
Everyone has the right to have his or her case dealt with appropriately and without undue delay by a legally competent court of law or other authority, as well as to have a decision pertaining to his or her rights or obligations reviewed by a court of law or other independent organ for the administration of justice.
Provisions concerning the publicity of proceedings, the right to be heard, the right to receive a reasoned decision and the right of appeal, as well as the other guarantees of a fair trial and good governance shall be laid down by an Act.
Respect for human personality and dignity shall be guaranteed in criminal and in all other legal proceedings, as well as during the deprivation of liberty and enforcement of punitive sanctions.
Violence of any form on any person whose liberty has been restricted in any way is prohibited, as is the use of any form of coercion in obtaining confessions and statements.
Article 25: Protection of basic rights and liberties
The public authorities shall guarantee the observance of basic rights and liberties and human rights.
Anyone charged with a criminal offense must, in addition to absolute equality, be guaranteed the following rights:
- the right to have adequate time and facilities to prepare their defense;
- the right to be present at their trial and to conduct their own defense or to be defended by a legal representative;
- the right to present all evidence to their benefit;
- the right not to incriminate themselves or their relatives or those close to them, or to admit guilt.
Any person unjustly convicted of a criminal offense or deprived of their liberty without due cause has the right to rehabilitation and compensation, and other rights provided by law.
Everyone has the right to personal dignity and safety.
The inviolability of the physical and mental integrity of every person, their privacy and personality rights shall be guaranteed.
Inviolability of Dwellings:
- Dwellings are inviolable.
- No one may, without a court order, enter the dwelling or other premises of another person, nor may he search the same, against the will of the resident.
- Any person whose dwelling or other premises are searched has the right to be present or to have a representative present.
- Such a search may only be conducted in the presence of two witnesses.
- Subject to conditions provided by law, an official may enter the dwelling or other premises of another person without a court order, and may in exceptional circumstances conduct a search in the absence of witnesses, where this is absolutely necessary for the direct apprehension of a person who has committed a criminal offence or to protect people or property.
The right to correct published information which has damaged a right or interest of an individual, organisation or body shall be guaranteed, as shall be the right to reply to such published information.
Extradition
No citizen or resident of Wales may be extradited or surrendered unless such obligation to extradite or surrender arises from a treaty by which, in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 3a, Wales has transferred the exercise of part of its sovereign rights to an international organisation.
not withstanding 47(1) No one shall be extradited or surrendered to another jurisdiction unless they have committed an offence that would be an offence in Wales.
Freedom of Work
Freedom of work shall be guaranteed.
Everyone shall choose their employment freely.
Everyone shall have access under equal conditions to any position of employment.
Forced labour shall be prohibited.
Asylum
Within the limits of the law and international treaty, the right of asylum shall be recognised for foreign nationals and stateless persons who are subject to persecution for their commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms.
Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Persons with disabilities shall be guaranteed protection in accordance with the law.
Physically or mentally disabled children and other severely disabled persons have the right to education and training for an active life in society.
The education and training referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be financed from public funds.
Freedom of Choice in Childbearing
Everyone shall be free to decide whether to bear children.
The state shall guarantee the opportunities for exercising this freedom and shall create such conditions as will enable parents to decide to bear children.
Freedom of Science and the Arts
The freedom of scientific and artistic endeavour shall be guaranteed.
Intellectual Property Rights
The protection of copyright and other rights deriving from artistic, scientific, research and invention activities shall be guaranteed.
Expression of National Affiliation
Everyone has the right to freely express affiliation with their nation or national community, to foster and give expression to their culture and to use their language and script.
Prohibition of Incitement to Discrimination and Intolerance and Prohibition of Incitement to Violence and War)
Any incitement to discrimination based on ethnicity, sexuality, gender, language, disability, and the inflaming of national, racial, religious, linguistic or other hatred and intolerance are unconstitutional.
Any incitement to violence and war is unconstitutional.
Status and Rights of the Roma and Traveling Communities in Wales)
The status and rights of the Roma and Traveling Communities living in Wales shall be protected and regulated by law.
Article 26: Economic and Social Relations
Property
The manner in which property is acquired and enjoyed shall be established by law so as to ensure its economic, social and environmental function.
The manner and conditions of inheritance shall be established by law.
Property Rights of Non-Welsh Citizens
Non-Welsh citizens may acquire ownership rights to real estate under conditions provided by law or a treaty ratified by Parliament.
Expropriation
Ownership rights to real estate may be revoked or limited in the public interest with the provision of compensation in kind or monetary compensation under conditions established by law.
National Assets and Natural Resources
Special rights to use national assets may be acquired, subject to conditions established by law.
The conditions under which natural resources may be exploited shall be established by law.
The law may provide that natural resources may also be exploited by foreign persons and shall establish the conditions for such exploitation.
Protection of Land
The law shall establish special conditions for land utilisation in order to ensure its proper use.
Special protection of agricultural land shall be provided by law.
The state shall promote the economic, cultural and social advancement of the population living in mountain and hill areas.
Healthy Living Environment
Everyone has the right in accordance with the law to a healthy living environment.
The state shall promote a healthy living environment. To this end, the conditions and manner in which economic and other activities are pursued shall be established by law.
The law shall establish under which conditions and to what extent a person who has damaged the living environment is obliged to provide compensation.
The protection of animals from cruelty shall be regulated by law.
Protection of Natural and Cultural Heritage
Everyone is obliged in accordance with the law to protect natural sites of special interest, rarities and cultural monuments.
The state and local communities shall promote the preservation of the natural and cultural heritage.
The diversity of plant and animal species will be maintained and the state has an obligation to safeguard the genetic diversity of the biota of Wales and foster the ecology of Wales.
Free and Social Enterprise
Free economic initiative shall be guaranteed.
The conditions for establishing commercial organisations shall be established by law. Commercial activities may not be pursued in a manner contrary to the public interest.
Unfair competition practices and practices which restrict competition in a manner contrary to the law are prohibited.
Participation in Management
Employees shall participate in the management of commercial organisations and institutions in a manner and under conditions provided by law.
Freedom of Trade Unions
The freedom to establish, operate and join trade unions shall be guaranteed.
Right to Strike
Employees have the right to strike.
Where required by the public interest, the right to strike may be restricted by law, with due consideration given to the type and nature of activity involved.
Proper Housing
The state shall create opportunities for citizens to obtain proper housing.
Non-Welsh Citizens Employed in Wales)
Non-Welsh Citizens employed in Wales and members of their families have special rights provided by law.
Article 27: Basic rights and liberties in situations of emergency
Such provisional exceptions to basic rights and liberties that are compatible with Wales's international human rights obligations and that are deemed necessary in the case of an armed attack against Wales or in the event of other situations of emergency, as provided by an Act, which pose a serious threat to the nation may be provided by an Act or by a Government Decree to be issued on the basis of authorisation given in an Act for a special reason and subject to a precisely circumscribed scope of application. The grounds for provisional exceptions shall be laid down by an Act, however.
Government Decrees concerning provisional exceptions shall without delay be submitted to the Parliament for consideration. The Parliament may decide on the validity of the Decrees.